I–L I imprinting
Instinctual behavior in which social bonds are
formed during early development. Typically used
with the example of a newly hatched bird or other
animal identifying and treating the first moving
object it sees as its mother. incomplete dominance
Occurs when two different alleles of the same gene
are both partially expressed in a heterozygote. The
resulting phenotype is intermediate between the
homozygous phenotypes of the two alleles. Color
in a four o'clock flower is an example of incomplete dominance.
independent assortment
Mendel's conclusion that during gamete formation,
the segregation of one pair of genes has no
influence over the segregation of another pair of
hereditary units. Two different traits will thus be inherited
independently of each other. This law
holds true, except for linked genes. It is often called
Mendel's second law.
inheritance of acquired traits
A crucial, and incorrect, aspect of Lamarck's theory
of evolution. Lamarck believed that the traits a parent acquired
during its lifetime would be passed
on to its offspring.
instincts
Behavior that is hardwired into the brain of an
organism; behavior that does not have to be
learned. insulin
Hormone secreted by the pancreas that reduces
blood sugar levels. A lack of insulin can result in
diabetes.
interphase
The phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle in which the cell prepares for
division, primarily by replicating its
DNA. After interphase, the cell enters mitosis.
intertidal zone
The most shallow zone in a marine habitat.
Periodically dry or wet with the changing tides.
Algae, sponges, mollusks, starfish, and crabs inhabit this zone. Also
called the littoral zone.
ion
An atom or molecule that has lost or gained an
electron and consequently has a positive or
negative charge.
isotonic A situation in which the concentration of solutes in
a solution is equivalent to what it contains. There is
no concentration gradient in isotonic solutions and
no net flow of solutes or water. K karyotype
A photograph of the chromosomes from an
individual cell, usually lined up in homologous
pairs, according to size. Missing, extra, or abnormal
chromosomes can then be easily identified, aiding
in the diagnosis of genetic disorders. kidney
The organ of blood filtration in humans. The
functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.
kingdom
The broadest category of biological taxonomy.
Krebs cycle A metabolic pathway in aerobic organisms in which
acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid. For
this reason, the Krebs cycle is also
known as the citric acid cycle. The cycle produces
energy in the forms of ATP, NADH, and FADH2. L Lamarckism
An evolutionary theory (proved false by Darwin)
stating that species change over time by the use
and disuse of structures and the inheritance of
acquired traits.
learned behavior Behavior that an organism picks up over the course
of its life. Three types of learned behavior are
habituation, conditioning, and associative learning.
Leeuwenhoek, Antonie van
Dutch clothing salesman (1632–1723) who made
the first observations of bacteria and protozoa using single-lens
microscopes of his own design.
ligament
Connective tissue between bones.
linked genes
Genes that are located close together on the same
chromosome. Linked genes will not undergo independent assortment
during gamete formation,
constituting an exception to the law of
independent assortment. Crossing-over will disrupt
the linkage of two genes on the same chromosome
if they are far enough apart.
lymphatic system A means of returning blood fluid, lymph, that has
escaped from capillaries back into the bloodstream.
Defended against foreign bodies by lymphocytes.
lymphocyte
White blood cell that is specialized to kill specific
invading bacteria. Three types of lymphocytes work in coordination: B
cells, helper T cells, and
killer T cells.
Instinctual behavior in which social bonds are
formed during early development. Typically used
with the example of a newly hatched bird or other
animal identifying and treating the first moving
object it sees as its mother. incomplete dominance
Occurs when two different alleles of the same gene
are both partially expressed in a heterozygote. The
resulting phenotype is intermediate between the
homozygous phenotypes of the two alleles. Color
in a four o'clock flower is an example of incomplete dominance.
independent assortment
Mendel's conclusion that during gamete formation,
the segregation of one pair of genes has no
influence over the segregation of another pair of
hereditary units. Two different traits will thus be inherited
independently of each other. This law
holds true, except for linked genes. It is often called
Mendel's second law.
inheritance of acquired traits
A crucial, and incorrect, aspect of Lamarck's theory
of evolution. Lamarck believed that the traits a parent acquired
during its lifetime would be passed
on to its offspring.
instincts
Behavior that is hardwired into the brain of an
organism; behavior that does not have to be
learned. insulin
Hormone secreted by the pancreas that reduces
blood sugar levels. A lack of insulin can result in
diabetes.
interphase
The phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle in which the cell prepares for
division, primarily by replicating its
DNA. After interphase, the cell enters mitosis.
intertidal zone
The most shallow zone in a marine habitat.
Periodically dry or wet with the changing tides.
Algae, sponges, mollusks, starfish, and crabs inhabit this zone. Also
called the littoral zone.
ion
An atom or molecule that has lost or gained an
electron and consequently has a positive or
negative charge.
isotonic A situation in which the concentration of solutes in
a solution is equivalent to what it contains. There is
no concentration gradient in isotonic solutions and
no net flow of solutes or water. K karyotype
A photograph of the chromosomes from an
individual cell, usually lined up in homologous
pairs, according to size. Missing, extra, or abnormal
chromosomes can then be easily identified, aiding
in the diagnosis of genetic disorders. kidney
The organ of blood filtration in humans. The
functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.
kingdom
The broadest category of biological taxonomy.
Krebs cycle A metabolic pathway in aerobic organisms in which
acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid. For
this reason, the Krebs cycle is also
known as the citric acid cycle. The cycle produces
energy in the forms of ATP, NADH, and FADH2. L Lamarckism
An evolutionary theory (proved false by Darwin)
stating that species change over time by the use
and disuse of structures and the inheritance of
acquired traits.
learned behavior Behavior that an organism picks up over the course
of its life. Three types of learned behavior are
habituation, conditioning, and associative learning.
Leeuwenhoek, Antonie van
Dutch clothing salesman (1632–1723) who made
the first observations of bacteria and protozoa using single-lens
microscopes of his own design.
ligament
Connective tissue between bones.
linked genes
Genes that are located close together on the same
chromosome. Linked genes will not undergo independent assortment
during gamete formation,
constituting an exception to the law of
independent assortment. Crossing-over will disrupt
the linkage of two genes on the same chromosome
if they are far enough apart.
lymphatic system A means of returning blood fluid, lymph, that has
escaped from capillaries back into the bloodstream.
Defended against foreign bodies by lymphocytes.
lymphocyte
White blood cell that is specialized to kill specific
invading bacteria. Three types of lymphocytes work in coordination: B
cells, helper T cells, and
killer T cells.
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