TWO NATION THEORY
INTRODUCTION:
Some people think that the concept of two nation theory is a new one
in sub continent and it indicate lack of understanding about
fundamental principle of Islam. However it is quite evident that the
Muslims and Non Muslims are different in various aspects as clearly
stated in the Holy Quran.
MEANING OF TWO NATION THEORY
Two nation theory in its simplest way means the cultural, political,
religious, economic and social dissimilarities between two major
communities, Hindusand Muslims. These differences of outlook in fact
were greatly instrumentalin giving rise to two distinct political
ideologies which were responsible for the partition of India.
THE BASIC OF CREATION OF PAKISTAN
The two nation theory was the basis of struggle for the creation
ofPakistan, which held that the Hindus and Muslims are two separate
nations. They inspite ofliving together for centuries could not forget
their individual culture and civilization. Al-Beruni recorded his
ideas in 1001 AD in his famous book "Kitab-ul-Hind".
"Hindus society maintained this peculiar character for over the
centuries. The two societies, Hindus and Muslims, like two streams
have sometime touched but never merged, each following its separate
course."
TWO NATION THEORY AND IDEOLOGY – A RELATION
Muslims had realized that in after the departure of British fromSouth
Asia, theywere going to be ruled by the Hindu majority which would
ruin this identity, their religious, cultural and moral values. Thus
emerged a new concept of two separate nation on the political arena of
sub continent. Allama Iqbal had already wished for a separate Islamic
scale. This demand was further advanced inPakistanresolution clearly
demanding aseparate homeland or Muslims of South Asia. As this demand
was based on two nation theory, it became the ideology ofPakistan.
SIR SYED AHMED KHAN – THE PIONEER OF TWO NATION THEORY
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, the pioneer of twonation theory used the word two
nationsfor Hindus and Muslims after being convinced of the Hindus and
Congress hostility, hatred and prejudice for Muslims. The entire
freedom struggle of the Muslims depends upon the two nation theory. He
did his best to make the Muslims realize their difference with the
Hindus on the basis of religious, social, national, international
identity and for this purpose he diverted the attention of the Muslims
towards "Two Nations" or "Two Entities".
After Hindi-Urdu controversy he left sure that Hindus and Muslims can
never live together as one nation. He said:
"I am convinced now that Hindus and Muslims could never become one
nation as their religion and way of life was quite different from each
other".
TWO NATION THEORY IN VEIN OF IQBAL
Allama Iqbal was the first important figure who propounded the idea of
separate homeland for Muslims on the basis of two nation theory. He
firmly believed that Muslims are a separate nation and peace cannot be
attained until and unless Muslims are recognized as a nation. In the
annual session of Muslim league at Allahabadin 1960, he said:
"India is a continent of human beings belongings to different language
and professing different religions. I, therefore, demand the formation
of consolidated Muslim state in the best interests of Muslims of India
and Islam".
QUAID-E-AZAM'S STATEMENT ON TWO NATION THEORY
The most clear and empathic exposition of two nation theory was found
in Jinnah's statement. He expounded the theory in such detail that
most Muslims and even some Hindus came to believe truth. He said:
"Muslims are not a minority; they are nation by every definition of
the word nation".
Hindus and Muslims could never evolve a common nationality was an idle
dreams; he said that there is an unbridgeable gulf between them that
stand miles apart in regard to their ideals, culture and religion. In
1973, he said:
"Hindustan is neither one country, nor itsinhabitant's one nation.
This is a sub-continent which consists of many nations of which Hindus
and Muslims aretwo major nations."
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